Can Key Fobs Be Cloned?

Key fobs have revolutionized access control in both automotive and building security systems, offering convenience and enhanced security. However, with the rise in their use, concerns about their potential to be copied or cloned have also emerged.

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The short answer is yes, key fobs can be copied or cloned.

Key fobs operate using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology or near-field communication (NFC) to transmit a unique code that grants access when received by a corresponding reader. This code can potentially be intercepted and duplicated using the right technology.

Cloning a key fob involves creating a duplicate that can perform the same functions as the original, such as unlocking doors or starting a car. This can be done legally for convenience, like having a spare key, or illegally by thieves aiming to gain unauthorized access.

How Are Key Fobs Copied?

The process of copying a key fob typically involves the following steps:

Step 1: Identify the Frequency

Key fobs operate on different frequencies, commonly 125 kHz for older systems or 13.56 MHz for newer, more secure ones. The first step in copying a key fob is to identify its operating frequency.

Step 2: Read the Code

Using a device called an RFID reader or NFC scanner, the unique code transmitted by the key fob is read and stored. This step can be straightforward with basic readers for older systems but may require more sophisticated equipment for newer, encrypted systems.

Step 3: Write the Code

Once the code is captured, a compatible blank fob or RFID card is programmed with the same code using an RFID writer. The cloned fob will now function identically to the original.

Step 4: Test the Clone

The final step is to test the cloned key fob to ensure it works as intended. This might involve accessing a door, starting a car, or whatever function the original fob was programmed for.

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Could a Thief Clone a Key Fob That's in Your Pocket?

Again,the short answer is yes, a thief could clone a key fob while it’s in your pocket, although it requires specific conditions and technology. Here’s how it could happen:

Proximity

For a thief to clone a key fob from your pocket, they need to be within a certain range. For most RFID and NFC key fobs, this range is typically within a few centimeters. However, with advanced equipment, this range can sometimes be extended, although it becomes less reliable.

Relay Attacks

One common method used by thieves is a relay attack. This involves two devices: one near the key fob (in your pocket) and the other near the target lock (e.g., car or door). The first device captures the signal from the key fob and broadcasts it to the second device, which then transmits it to the target (like your car), effectively fooling the system into thinking the key fob is present. This attack doesn’t clone the key fob but exploits its signal to gain immediate access.

Skimming

Thieves can use skimming devices to read and store the code from a key fob in close proximity. This method requires the thief to be very close to the victim, such as in a crowded area or standing next to them.

Advanced Technology

With sophisticated technology, some criminals can extend the range of their skimming devices to capture signals from a greater distance. This involves high-gain antennas and sensitive receivers, which can increase the risk but are less common due to the technical expertise required.

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Prevent Key Fob Cloning

To protect against key fob cloning, several measures can be taken:

Faraday Pouches

These are special pouches lined with metal mesh that block electromagnetic signals. Keeping your key fob in a Faraday pouch when not in use can prevent unauthorized access.

Signal Blocking Cases

Similar to Faraday pouches, these cases prevent any signals from entering or leaving the case, ensuring the key fob’s signal cannot be captured.

Active Security Measures

Many modern key fobs come with rolling codes or cryptographic features that change the transmitted code with each use, making it significantly harder to clone. You can check with the manufacturer of your fob to find out if it has this advanced protection.

Awareness and Vigilance

Being aware of your surroundings and keeping your key fob secure, especially in crowded areas, can reduce the risk of cloning. Avoid placing your key fob in easily accessible outer pockets.

Manual Locking

You may also want to lock your car door using the button on the car itself rather than pushing the button on your fob. This would prevent the fob broadcasting its code over airwaves that could be monitored by thieves.